DHSI:History

The founder of the department of hypoxic states investigation of the Institute of Clinical Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1934 was an outstanding scientist - pathophysiologist, the closest student and Bohomolets O. follower, Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences Syrotinin M. (1896-1977). Outstanding theorist and brilliant experimenter, M. Sirotinin made invaluable contributions to such areas of pathological physiology as comparative pathology, reactivity and resistance, adaptation and acclimatization, ontogenesis, immunity, allergy, anaphylaxis, inflammation, etc. But, since 1934, the central problem of M. Syrotinin`s scientific creativity becomes a problem of oxygen deficiency in all its forms and manifestations. His original ideas, concepts, hypotheses related to the fundamental researches of the mechanisms of development and compensation of hypoxic states in the organism M. Sirotinin summarized in the monographs: "Life on altitudes and illness of height" (1939), "Evolution of resistance and reactivity of the organism" (1981), as well as in the sections "Guidelines on pathological physiology" (1st edition - 1935-1936, the second new edition - 1966). And in studies of hypoxia M. Syrotinin applied his unique comparative-physiological and comparative-biochemical approaches, which were the basis of his scientific philosophy. These approaches, by their analytical and synthetic strength, can compete with the recent advances in molecular biology. This allowed M. Syrotinin formulate the general pattern: animals that are at lower levels phylogenetic stairs, have greater resistance to hypoxia than those that are higher. This pattern is also characteristic for ontogenesis: in the early stages of ontogenesis, the highest resistance to hypoxia is recorded. M. Syrotinin and his student N. Lauer showed that the low rate of oxidative metabolism in vital organs is the main component of resistance to hypoxia in fetuses and newborns, and the development of the fetus is a natural model that confirms the involvement of oxygen or its deficiency in the determination of growth, morphogenesis and physiological function of the structures that carry out gas exchange. These ideas were reflected in the monograph N.V. Lauer "On the Problem of Pathophysiology of Hypoxic Conditions in the Newborns" (1959).
After M. Syrotinin death in 1977, the heads of the department were prof. A. Kolchinskaya (1976-1981), prof. M. Seredenko (1981-2003), prof. I. Mankovskaya (2003-2016). Since 2016, the department is headed by Dr. A. Portnychenko. It should be noted that the work of M. Syrotinin, his students and followers laid the foundation for the development of age and comparative physiology in Ukraine, the pathophysiology of hypoxic states, underwater and high physiology. The most important fundamental researches of the department are related to the description of the pathogenesis and degrees of hypoxic hypoxia, included in the classification as a separate type of hypermetabolic hypoxia, or hypoxia loading; substantiation of concepts about oxygen regimens of the organism and their regulation, secondary tissue hypoxia; creation of new computer technologies for modeling the functional system of respiration and self-control in this system for the oxygen demand of tissues and modeling of oxygen transport in muscles at the level of microcirculation (M.M. Syrotinin, N.V. Lauer, A.Z. Kolchinskaya, M.M. Seredenko, I.M. Mankovskaya, P.V. Beloshitsky, S.A. Gulyar, V.I. Portinchenko, M.M. Filippov, P.O. Radziyevsky, A.G. Misyura).
Basic researches of hypoxia of М. Syrotinin school can be divided into the following directions: classification of hypoxia, objective assessment of the hypoxia degree, age physiology of hypoxic states, hypoxia and aging, substantiation of the organism oxygen regimens concept and their regulation, creation of new computer technologies for simulation of the respiration and oxygen transport functional system in muscle secondary tissue hypoxia, damaging and adaptive action of hypoxia, mechanisms of development of compensation and prevention of mountain disease, gradual acclimatization to mountainous conditions, hell aptitude to hypoxia in the highlands in the treatment of various diseases, physical training in the mountains to improve the athletes performance, adaptation to hypoxia to increase the resistance to the space flight factors, pathogenesis and therapy of terminal states, genesis of hypoxia in extreme situations (stress, muscle fatigue, influence of Antarctic factors, radiation, acceleration, decompression, hyperbaria, hypercapnia, hypothermia, hyperthermia, hypokinesia, etc.), oxygen and hypoxia therapy. A simple list of these areas gives an idea that many years of М. Syrotinin and his students research on the problem of hypoxia is a significant national priority of Ukrainian science. They combine the fundamental study of the mechanisms of hypoxic states development in the body with the development and use in medicine and sports for the first time in world practice of new highly effective methods of the body adapting to the lack of oxygen the purpose of increasing its resistance and efficiency, prevention and treatment of various diseases, and improving the training of highly skilled athletes. All these studies were reflected in such monographs and collections as: Kolchinskaya A.Z. "Lack of oxygen and age" (1964), Kolchinskaya A.Z. "Oxygen regimes of an organism of a child and a teenager" (1973), Dudarev VP "The role of hemoglobin in the mechanisms of adaptation to hypoxia and hyperoxia" (1979), Kolchinskaya A.Z., Mankovskaya I.N., Misyura A.G. "Breath and oxygen regimes of the dolphin organism" (1980), collective monograph "Secondary tissue hypoxia" (1983), collective monograph "Mechanisms of development and compensation of hemic hypoxia" (1987), "Mountains and health" (1974), "Oxygen regime of tissues "(1966-1974)," Special and clinical physiology of hypoxic states "(1979)," Molecular aspects of adaptation to hypoxia "(1979)," Physiological action of hyperbaria "(1982)," Hypoxia: destructive and constructive action "(1998) , "Automated analysis of hypoxic states" (2003).